| 1. | Which of the following is the most common drug of abuse in Hong Kong in 2023? |
| A. | Cannabis |
| B. | Heroin |
| C. | Cocaine |
| D. | Ice |
| E. | Ketamine |
| 2. | Which of the following is NOT one of the clinical features suggestive of cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome? |
| A. | Nausea |
| B. | Chronic cannabis use |
| C. | Vomiting |
| D. | Abdominal pain |
| E. | Fever |
| 3. | In terms of the effects of smoking cessation in Type 2 diabetic patients, which of the following statements is FALSE? |
| A. | Smoking cessation reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. |
| B. | Smoking cessation reduces the risk of ischaemic stroke. |
| C. | Smoking cessation reduces the risk of diabetic nephropathy. |
| D. | HbA1c levels in ex-smokers fall to levels comparable to never-smokers within three years of quitting smoking. |
| E. | Smoking cessation has been found to improve lipid profile as early as three weeks after quitting. |
| 4. | In terms of the burden of diabetes mellitus in Hong Kong, which of the following statements is TRUE? |
| A. | In 2022, diabetes mellitus was the 8th commonest cause of death in Hong Kong. |
| B. | In 2022, the estimated total prevalence of diabetes mellitus amongst those aged 15 - 84 years was 7%. |
| C. | Of the patients who have their diabetes mellitus managed in the Hospital Authority, about three-quarters of these are seen in the General Outpatient Clinic. |
| D. | The costs of diabetes mellitus rise substantially in the years leading up to death. |
| E. | Type 2 diabetic patients suffering from macrovascular complications generate medical costs approximately 2-fold higher than those without complications. |
| 5. | A patient taking zolpidem for insomnia reports engaging in activities like sleep-driving and preparing meals at night with no memory of the events the next morning. Which of the following best describes this concerning adverse effect? |
| A. | A typical sedative effect indicating the dose is too high. |
| B. | A common symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal. |
| C. | A known, serious side effect of Z-drugs called complex sleep-related behaviours. |
| D. | A sign of developing tolerance to the hypnotic effect. |
| E. | A paradoxical reaction commonly caused by antihistamines. |
| 6. | Which of the following best reflects the conclusion of the manuscript "Z-Drug and benzodiazepine misuse and withdrawal - a case report"? |
| A. | Z-drugs are safe for elderly patients with insomnia. |
| B. | Clinicians should exercise caution and avoid unnecessary polypharmacy. |
| C. | Benzodiazepines are always preferable to Z-drugs. |
| D. | Electrolyte disturbances are unrelated to hypnotic use. |
| E. | Abrupt withdrawal from Z-drugs is harmless. |