| 1. | Methods which may reduce the white coat effect of blood pressure measurement include the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | Ambulatory blood pressure. |
| B. | Home blood pressure. |
| C. | Blood pressure measured by mercury column sphygmomanometer. |
| D. | Automated office blood pressure. |
| E. | Waiting area automated office blood pressure. |
| 2. | Potential disadvantages of home blood pressure measurement for older people include the following EXCEPT: |
| A. | Reporter bias. |
| B. | Loss of white coat effect. |
| C. | Difficulty for patients with cognitive impairment. |
| D. | Difficulty for patients with visual impairment. |
| E. | Difficulty for patients with neuromuscular impairment. |
| 3. | According to the results of this study, wa-AOBP measurement? |
| A. | Is similar to conventional AOBP. |
| B. | Is lower than COBP. |
| C. | Is lower than HBPM. |
| D. | Is similar to ABPM. |
| E. | Can replace HBPM. |
| 4. | Which of the following statements regarding overbasalisation is FALSE? |
| A. | Overbasalisation occurs when over-aggressive effort is attempted with basal insulin. |
| B. | Overbasalisation leads to hypoglycaemia in fasting states. |
| C. | Irregular meal times and increased physical activities predispose patients to overbasalisation. |
| D. | Physicians should try to attain postprandial targets with basal insulin. |
| E. | Overbasalisation is suspected when a patient on basal insulin has a high bedtime glucose and a low morning glucose, with a difference > 3.0mmol/L. |
| 5. | Which of the following statements regarding type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insulin treatment is FALSE? |
| A. | ADA recommends initiation of basal insulin when HbA1c remains uncontrolled after 3 months of triple combination of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs). |
| B. | The first target after insulin initiation should be to achieve optimal HbA1c levels. |
| C. | One should refrain from insulin up titration whenever nocturnal hypoglycaemia is reported. |
| D. | Approximately half of patients achieve HbA1c ≤ 7% with insulin doses in the range of 40 - 70 unit/day. |
| E. | Patient should continue on 2 concomitant OHAs at most when on basal insulin. |
| 6. | When should a primary care physician consider starting a patient on basal insulin therapy? |
| A. | Only when the patient has a HbA1c level above 10%. |
| B. | When lifestyle modifications and oral medications are insufficient to control blood glucose levels. |
| C. | When the patient is experiencing severe hypoglycaemia with oral medications. |
| D. | When a patient is newly diagnosed with diabetes. |
| E. | To control postprandial glucose levels. |