Table 2: Treatment options for COPD according to the GOLD staging  
Treatment option(s)     Stage(s)
1. Avoidance of risk factor(s)     All stages
2. Influenza vaccination     All stages
3. Short-acting bronchodilators when needed       I - IV
4. Regular treatment with one or more long-acting bronchodilators       II - IV
5. Pulmonary rehabilitation       II - IV
6. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids if repeated exacerbations       III - IV
7. Long term oxygen therapy if chronic respiratory failure       IV
8. Surgical treatments in selected patients       IV