Table 2: Treatment options for COPD according to the GOLD staging   Treatment option(s)     Stage(s) 1. Avoidance of risk factor(s)     All stages 2. Influenza vaccination     All stages 3. Short-acting bronchodilators when needed       I - IV 4. Regular treatment with one or more long-acting bronchodilators       II - IV 5. Pulmonary rehabilitation       II - IV 6. Inhaled glucocorticosteroids if repeated exacerbations       III - IV 7. Long term oxygen therapy if chronic respiratory failure       IV 8. Surgical treatments in selected patients       IV